The IoD Directors’ Economic Confidence Index, which measures business leader optimism over prospects for the UK economy, rose to -49 in August, from -63 in July 2026.

Conversely, business leaders became slightly less optimistic about the prospects for their own organisations, with confidence falling to -5, from -2 in July.

Most of the survey's underlying indicators showed modest improvements during the month:
Revenue expectations increased to +12 in August, from +9 in July.
Headcount expectations were little changed at -6, from -7.
Investment intentions improved to -9, from -13.
Export expectations remained stable at +4, from +3.
Cost expectations remained elevated and unchanged at +83.

Despite improved level of confidence, the impact of the new Prime Minister and Cabinet on business leaders’ optimism was in negative territory, at -21 for the UK economy and -23 for their own organisations.

When asked about the factors holding back business growth and investment, business leaders overwhelmingly pointed to uncertainty. Tax uncertainty (58%), general policy uncertainty (55%) and demand uncertainty (40%) were the most frequently cited barriers. Weak expected demand (27%) and labour and skills shortages (23%) also featured.

Among the factors having a negative impact on businesses (asked quarterly):
UK economic conditions remain the most significant factor impacting business (selected by 73% of survey respondents, down from 75%)
Concerns about taxation increased sharply, with employment taxes rising to 62% from 54%, and business taxes rising to 56% from 47%.
Compliance with government regulation (40%, up from 35%) and the cost of energy (38%, up from 35%) both overtook global economic conditions (36%, down from 43%) as sources of concern.

The ranking of the leading global risks facing businesses was unchanged from May. A global economic slowdown (57%), geopolitical tensions (54%) and cyber security risks (47%) remained the three most commonly cited concerns.

However, several risks saw notable increases in concern. Citations of misuse of artificial intelligence rose to 36%, from 29% in May, while concern about a global trade war increased to 31%, from 24%. The proportion of respondents concerned about climate change and extreme weather events more than doubled, rising to 17% from 7%.

August saw a welcome improvement in the overall confidence of business leaders in the UK’s economic outlook, with the index reaching its highest level since January, accompanied by improvements in revenue and investment plans. However, this was not driven by a ‘Burnham bounce’. In fact, business leaders said that Andy Burnham and the new Cabinet had on balance reduced their optimism regarding both the UK economy and their own organisations. While some appreciated the change in tone and the devolution agenda, the majority were concerned about unfunded spending commitments and the likelihood of further tax increases, with others staying on the fence until post-Budget. Instead, improved confidence appears to reflect better international growth and business resilience.

As we move into Autumn, businesses continue to be buffeted by domestic policy uncertainty, high costs and elevated global risks. Tax uncertainty and negative impacts from the existing tax system are top of mind for business leaders, accompanied by the outlook for global growth, geopolitics and cyber risk. We have seen a welcome change in tone from the new Prime Minister, but for the government to deliver on its commitment to good growth in every postcode, it must reduce the cost of doing business. To enable businesses to invest and hire, the government must address uncompetitive energy and tax costs and high regulatory burdens, in particular by making improvements to the design of the Employment Rights Act.

The IoD Directors’ Economic Confidence Index measures the net % positive answers from members of the Institute of Directors to the question ‘How optimistic are you about the wider UK economy over the next 12 months?’ on a five-point scale from ‘very optimistic’ to ‘very pessimistic’.



Full Results

811 responses from across the UK, conducted between 14-27 August.14% ran large businesses (250+ people), 17% medium (50-249), 22% small (10-49 people), 32% micro (2-9 people) and 13% sole trader and self-employed business entities (0-1 people).

How optimistic are you about both the wider UK economy and also your organisation over the next 12 months?

	Very optimistic	Quite optimistic	Neither optimistic nor pessimistic	Quite pessimistic	Very pessimistic	Don't know
Wider UK economy	1.2%	12.2%	24.0%	35.4%	26.9%	0.2%
Your (primary) organisation	3.3%	26.9%	34.5%	24.5%	10.2%	0.5%

Comparing the next 12 months with the last 12 months, what do you believe the outlook for your organisation will be in terms of:

	Much higher	Somewhat higher	No change	Somewhat lower	Much lower	Don’t know	N/A
Business investment	3.0%	20.1%	43.2%	18.1%	13.8%	0.7%	1.1%
Costs	18.6%	67.2%	9.1%	2.3%	0.9%	0.5%	1.4%
Exports	1.2%	13.3%	30.7%	7.5%	2.7%	1.5%	43.0%
Headcount	1.7%	19.1%	49.6%	20.7%	6.3%	0.7%	1.8%
Revenue	3.6%	37.5%	27.5%	22.3%	7.0%	1.0%	1.1%
Wages	5.2%	46.1%	36.5%	7.6%	2.1%	0.7%	1.7%

To what extent has Andy Burnham and the new Cabinet affected your level of optimism regarding the UK economy and your primary organisation?

	Feel considerably more optimistic	Feel more optimistic	No change	Feel more pessimistic	Feel considerably more pessimistic	Don't know
UK economy	3.8%	19.5%	31.7%	22.2%	22.4%	0.4%
Your primary organisation	2.6%	12.1%	46.1%	23.4%	14.1%	1.7%

Of the following, which are stopping you from growing/investing in your business? Please select all that apply.

Tax uncertainty	58.3%
General policy uncertainty	55.4%
Demand uncertainty	40.0%
Weak expected demand	26.9%
Shortage of labour/skills	22.8%
Inadequate return on proposed investment	16.8%
Cost of external finance	12.9%
Other	12.5%
Shortage of internal finance	10.7%
Planning constraints	10.1%
Inability to raise external finance	9.0%
Lack of transport infrastructure	6.7%
Not expecting any limits to capital investment	2.7%
Not sure	1.7%

Which of the following, if any, are having a negative impact on your organisation?

UK economic conditions	73.2%
Employment taxes	62.3%
Business taxes	56.0%
Compliance with government regulation	39.7%
Cost of energy	38.2%
Global economic conditions	36.3%
Skills shortages and/or labour shortages	28.4%
Trading relationship with the EU	19.0%
Difficulty or delays obtaining payment from customers	15.3%
Cost/availability of finance	15.0%
Supply chain disruption	13.8%
Transport cost/speed/reliability	12.8%
Broadband cost/speed/reliability	9.7%
None	2.7%

Which of the following global risks are the most concerning for your business? Please choose up to three

Global economic slowdown	56.8%
Geopolitical tensions	54.1%
Cyber security risks	46.9%
Misuse of artificial intelligence	36.4%
Global trade war	30.7%
Climate change, including extreme weather events	17.0%
Global health risks	6.4%
None	5.4%
Don't know	0.6%